Lecture Summary

The lecture is about traffic congestions, which is one of the major problems in the UK’s transport system. The lecture consists of 2 main points which are, firstly, the effects of the congestions and secondly, how the British government have tried to address the problem by creating the Integrated Transport Policy. The first point made by the lecturer is that overcrowded roads have its effects. First of all, they affect directly in the country’s economy, as all the lost time have its repercussion decreasing the productivity.Similarly, the pollution affects the local and global environment. In addition to this, has a detrimental effect on public health. In order to solve this problem, the lecturer states that the British government created the Integrated Transport Policy. They carried out a consultation and find out that the improvement of the transport system was not very successful and people prefer to use their own car. Finally, the lecturer moves to explain some succe ssful measures that the government approved with the purpose of reducing congestions.One of the measures was to enable some fast lines in the motorways for cars with more than one occupant. The other one was to charge car user to get access to the city centre from London. Both of the measures were successful and the money that they get from the congestion charging was invested in improving the public transport system. To summarise, the lecturer affirms that the best solution to the problem of overcrowded roads is to implement some small measures to each specific problem, instead of trying to one big solution which can solve all the problems.

Ethical Theories Chart Essay

Complete the chart below using information from the weekly readings and additional research if necessary. Include APA formatted in-text citations when applicable and list all references at the bottom of the page. Ethical Theory Utilitarianism Deontological Virtue ethics Definition â€Å"A system of ethics according to which the rightness or wrongness of an action should be judged by its consequences. The goal of utilitarian ethics is to promote the greatest happiness for the greatest number† (â€Å"Define Utilitarianism,† 2005). Utilitarianism is making a decision that benefits the most amount of people/society. Deontological means duty, honesty, promise keeping, and fairness no matter what the consequences are (Trevino & Nelson, 2011). â€Å"Virtue Ethics is a classification within Normative Ethics that attempts to discover and classify what might be deemed of moral character, and to apply the moral character as a base for one’s choices and actions.† (Gowdy, 2011). Ethical thinker associated with theoryThe ethical thinker/thinkers associated with utilitarianism are Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill. Emmanuel Kant (Trevino & Nelson, 2011).Aristotle (Trevino & Nelson, 2011). Decision-making processThe decision making process is to Identify all of the possible stakeholders and what would be the consequences the  harms and benefits. Make a list of pro’s and con’s and the best ethical decision is one that is of the greater good for the most amount of people. The decision making process is figuring out what values and or obligations are important to you, and base your decision on what is right not what is best (Trevino & Nelson, 2011).The goal here is to be a good person because that is the type of person you wish to be and keep moral values or virtues in any action or decision. (Trevino & Nelson, 2011). Workplace exampleA few employees inform their boss that they do not feel comfortable working with a co-worker who was blamed for talking about confidential information, and the manager decided to terminate that employee’s employment. A workplace example would be telling your boss the truth even though you might get a fellow co-worker in trouble. If we see a person being sexually harassed on the job it is our moral responsibility to help them and follow through with our decision. This is a virtuous action. Reference: Define Utilitarianism. (2005). In New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy. Retrieved from http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/utilitarianism Growdy, L. (2011). Virtue Ethics. Retrieved from http://www.ethicsmorals.com/ethicsvirtue.html Trevino, L., & Nelson, K. (2011). Managing business ethics: Straight talk about how to do it right (5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Utilitarianism. (n.d). In Wikipedia. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utilitarianism

Recommendation Report Example Essay

Summary: Smash Design decide to purchase new chairs and some ergonomic items to solve the problem of employees feel uncomfortable and get sick in their work environment. This report evaluate the Herman Miller Chairs and Steel Case Leap Chairs, Simple Package and Deluxe Package offer by Staple supplies, and Rocco and Rita’s Gym membership. Aeron Chairs with higher price than Leap Chair, but have more functions to comfort a human body than Leap Chair also with a longer warranty. Deluxe Package offer by Staples covers more ergonomic items than Simple package, the price is higher. Rocco and Rita’s Gym offer the deal of annual fee $50 per employee if we sign up more than 50 people. Final recommendations come up with purchase Aeron Chairs, Simple Package offer by Staples, and sign up Rocco and Rita’s Gym membership. Introduction: Smash Design recently received a lot of complaints about sore backs from our employees. After I did some research, I found out absenteeism is up by 10% this year. This problem is caused to chairs are getting old, also were not good designed that use body science to decrease the pressure and prevent backaches. After the discussion with Ellen page, we decided to buy some new chairs, ergonomic keyboards and mouse pad to solve the problem of employees feel uncomfortable and get sick in their working environment. We also decided to sign up gym memberships located at next building for our employees. Exercises will help employee to develop fitness. Ellen Page has asked me to evaluate the better chair Herman Miller and Steel Case chairs. Compare the simple packages and deluxe package small ergonomic items. This report is not including absenteeism report, and also not includes yoga option. Criteria: For the main purpose of improve the working environment for the employees, and make them feel more comfortable, we applied the following criteria: 1. Comfort: For solving the problem of employee feel uncomfortable and get sick in their working environment. Products must be well design with special attention to ergonomics, reducing the pressure and preventing injuries. 2. Warranty: Smash Design invests on some expensive chairs, for the purpose of return, products must can last at least 5 years, and also with 5-year or more warranty. 3. Price: Maximum $1000 per employee includes office chairs, ergonomic office supplies, and gym membership. Analysis: Chairs Herman Miller Aeron Chairs: Aeron Chair is created by Herman Miller with special attention to ergonomics it can fit all the human body and provide them comfort support, and adjustment is easy to use. Aeron Chair’s PostureFit function can support pelvis lean forward naturally then the spine can be align, and prevent backache. Kinemat tilt technology can let human body’s joints pivot naturally. Breathable fabric material can keep body pressure even and decrease the body pressure. Aeron chairs provide lifetime warranty to the customers. It sells at $900 per chair. Staff will help set up chairs and arrange workstations to reduce injuries, if purchase more than 5 chairs. Steal Case Leap Chairs: Leap Chair is created by Steel Case with features of changeable back shape can support entire spine when the user change his posture, and also can decrease the spine stress and spinal ligaments. The back control system can let the user adjust the back angels until it match user’s comfort. Leap Chairs provide three-year warranty to the customer. It sells at $700 per chair. Herman Miller Aeron Chair Steal Case Leap Chairs Comfort Very Comfort Comfort Warranty Lifetime Three years Price $900 $700 Staples Ergonomic Office Supplies Simple Package: Simple package provides ergonomic items such as gel pad for mice and keyboards, stress balls, massage devices, at the come up with the price of $100 per person. Deluxe Package: Deluxe package provides same items as simple package also with additional items such as footrest, neck supports, monitor support and specially design electronic devices. Rocco and Rita’s Gym Memberships If more than 50 people sign up, we can get the deal of annual fee $50 per employee. Conclusion: Aeron Chairs were designed use ergonomics to decrease pressure. The back support technology can prevent backaches. Adjustable sacral support can fit different people. Aeron Chairs are lifetime warranty. If purchase more than 5 chairs, staff will help to set up the chair to make it fit for different employees. The price is $900. Leap Chairs are designed for human comfort, with adjustable back shape and arm, but has not much function as Aeron Chairs, only 3 years warranty. The price is $700, lower than Aeron Chairs. Staple Ergonomic Supplies offer Deluxe Package and Simple Package. Simple Package offers Gel pads for mice and keyboards, Stress balls, Massage devices, and the price is $100 per person. Deluxe Package also include other  ergonomic supplies and electronic devices, but the price $250 per person. Rocco and Rita’s Gym offer the deal of annual fee $50 per employee if we sign up more than 50 people. Recommendation: I recommend we purchase Aeron Chairs for our employee, Aeron chair meet the most criteria, and have addition offers. Staple Deluxe package covers more ergonomic items than Simple package, but it’s over pricing. And Aeron Chairs’ functions already cover some usability of ergonomic items. So I recommend we buy the Simple Package from Staples supplies. Sign up the gym membership will exceed $50 of the budget per employee, but I still strongly recommend we sign up the gym membership to improve employees’ fitness.

Against War In Iraq Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Against War In Iraq - Essay Example And the UN officials destroyed whatever weapons and military possessions including chemical and nuclear weapons and missiles that Iraq had, back in 1998 during its inspection. It was further deprived of the financial aid that might be required for redevelopment of its military possessions for mass destruction. Iraq's military potential had grown considerably weaker ever since and was no threat to its region, let alone America.  And the UN officials destroyed whatever weapons and military possessions including chemical and nuclear weapons and missiles that Iraq had, back in 1998 during its inspection. It was further deprived of the financial aid that might be required for redevelopment of its military possessions for mass destruction. Iraq's military potential had grown considerably weaker ever since and was no threat to its region, let alone America. Once the notion that Iraq is equipped with mass destruction deadly weapons was disqualified to a considerable extent, the US administ ration went forward to accuse Iraq of aiding the terrorist groups. Since these terrorist groups were the major threat to the security of the United States, Iraq was made to be justified target for pre-emptive actions.The administration blamed Iraq for passing on the destructive weapons to these militant groups, hence involving in terrorism. Any solid evidence and the US administration itself could not support even this accusation. Saddam Hussein could in no way be a threat to either its own region or to the United States in any such way. The obvious reason for this being that the Islamic extremists and terrorists were not in favor of Saddam's secular regime and were a hazard to his direction in the Arab world. The US administration went onward in its baseless accusations against Iraq saying that it was behind the anthrax virus spread as well. Again no evidence could be found to support such blame. Even if it were so that the charges of possessing mass destructive weapons were proved true, the question arises whether the US is right in its strategy of taking preemptive actions. The very same issues could have been resolved by talks and negotiations, by passing pacts or bringing strategic regimes within Iraq. So much bloodshed and brutality was brought to the nation of Iraq all in the name of protecting the world's super economic and military power from potential and supposed Iraqi weapons. This is all but beyond acceptable for any logical thinker. It was not Iraq that had been posing security threat to the American nation, due to its supposed alliance with the Islamic militant groups. In fact, now the Americans have far greater enemies disgusting its violent moves upon a nation that has never been proved to be a direct or indirect threat to them. George Soros opines in his new book, "Something is fundamentally wrong with President Bush's contention that he has made us safer at home by taking the war on terror abroad. There are many more people willing to sacrifice their lives to kill Americans than there were on 9/11." http://www.georgesoros.com/iraq-wargclid=CJrU0PKP_ogCFQriXgodNzjz9Q I completely agree with the opinion of George Soros, now not just other nations (Islamic ones to be precise), but

Ataraxia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Ataraxia - Essay Example It is a difficult state to attain in modern times, as it is almost impossible to be detached from the material world and gain access to philosophical state of mind. Hellenistic philosophy, also called philosophy of Plato recommended that man should be self-sufficient and self-dependent and should rely only on himself for happiness. It is important to find the right balance of mind, deed and outlook so that happiness is not beyond reach to attain ataraxia, imperturbability, which could also be termed as mere 'peace of mind'. "Ataraxia is a spiritual balance, the research of physical and psychical harmony so difficult to achieve by human beings. Ataraxia becomes a state of tension able to open our minds and be receptive towards life experiences" http://www.myspace.com/histrionia Epicurus gave a totally different meaning to ataraxia. This philosopher had given a lot of thought to death, its imminence and relevance in day-to-day life. He thought that without connection and thought of death, every day life takes a queer shape and hence, death is an inescapable truth and the ultimate aim. It is also a total blackout and hence not painful later, and we should avoid physical pain while being alive. And to live without being bothered by physical pain is the pleasure of life. "Since death is a total annihilation that cannot be experienced, in our present lives we need only live a simple life and seek always to avoid physical pain. It is pleasure, understood in this negative sense, that is the highest good for Epicurus. Freedom from mental disturbance. http://www.philosophypages.com/ph/epiu.htm EPICTETUS Epictetus stressed on basic good life of humans. According to him the good life itself is based on ataraxia and if one is conscious of it and controls his own life based on high values as a rational human being should do, he would live in complete happiness. He offered extensive arguments on complete and achievable happiness, based on his amazing understanding of life. "The eudaimonia ('happiness') of those who attain this ideal consists of ataraxia (imperturbability), apatheia (freedom from passion), eupatheiai ('good feelings'), and an awareness of, and capacity to attain, what counts as living as a rational being should. The key to transforming oneself into the Stoic sophos (wise person) is to learn what is 'in one's power', and this is 'the correct use of impressions' (phantasiai), which in outline involves not judging as good or bad anything that appears to one" http://www.iep.utm.edu/e/epictetu.htm He said people have to be motivated and inspired by virtue, act virtuously. According to him, life with right principles is the secret of attaining happiness. Total happiness cannot be achieved without a clear conscience and this cannot come without a guiltless life. Self-satisfaction and the feeling that the individual had taken every decision in life without selfishness, without any personal gain and with total ethical justice is the path that leads to a clear conscience and self-acceptance. He said this is the only way to attain imperturbability. DIOGENES Diogenes argued from an entirely diverse viewpoint. He said marriages should be made null and void and the family should become communal and the responsibility of community and State. He was so advanced for his time that he demanded patriotic citizenship and the citizenship of the world. Diogenes was considered to be

Considering your lifetime goals, discuss how your current and future Essay

Considering your lifetime goals, discuss how your current and future academic and extra-curricular activities might help you achieve your goals - Essay Example I searched the content via internet to know the genuine benefits of computer engineering to get high grades. By reviewing the information about the field, one can find numerous benefits of this scheme of study. The most satisfying people regarding jobs are those who are linked to the computer engineering field. There are varieties of professions linked to the field, such as creative and designing engineering, experiments conducting in the laboratories of test engineering, development engineering is useful for organizing and expatiating projects, and service engineering is a best option for sales careers by working with people. Though computer engineering is very challenging, but those who love this field, always get countless benefits in terms of money matters. Computer Engineering is not only useful for the own individuals, but it also helps the society by creating and developing projects by data analyzing all over the world. The most and authentic use of the computer engineering sk ills is the financial security, there are too much high salaries in the professional fields and also can do private business as an successful entrepreneur (UF). I have many dreams to make happy my parents by providing them every facility of life after getting a good job in any well-known company as my parents spent a hardworking and poor life in term of financial matters. For this purpose, I have become an active member of young entrepreneurs’ academy that allows the high school students to run their own business efficiently. Currently, I have my own computer repairing shop, which also has the facility of custom PC building service. The students are very concerned about their future plans, for this purpose I take part in extra-curricular activities uniformly. I have been an exceptional student as a motivational speaker since my school age. I also take part in Speech and Debate competitions and mostly get prizes as a successful

The Decision Making Process of Property Crime Offenders Research Proposal

The Decision Making Process of Property Crime Offenders - Research Proposal Example All social behaviors occur through a process of decision making, so does criminality. As seen earlier on the decision-making process is cognitive, and as odd as it may seem even criminal offenders go through the process of decision making. It is  a continuous process based on an individual’s interaction with the environment that ends when an acceptable or suitable solution is reached. The main motivation of criminology is the avoidance of pain and pursuit of pleasure. Property crimes have a greater percentage of all crimes that happen. If there is an intention to commit a crime, this is burglary. If none such breaking and entering into a place alone called illegal trespass of property. (Nee.C, 2003) Academic and policy-driven interest in situational crime prevention has stimulated a variety of offenses-specific research from the 1980s onwards. This has resulted in considerable development in both ‘grounded’ methodological approaches and our understanding of the burglar’s behavior and decision-making during the criminal event (Nee, 2003). It is of great importance to master the psychology of the person who commits the crime. Find out why, how and for what reason. It is also important to find out the various phases that the criminal offender goes through during different stages of the offense.

Nativism and Immigration Restriction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Nativism and Immigration Restriction - Essay Example However, the year 1882 would become a turning point in our nation's history with the passage of the federal Chinese Exclusion Act that prohibited immigration based on race and ethnicity. The next four decades would continue to affect the country's perception of immigration and would culminate with the passage of the National Origins Act in 1924. Our national views and policies towards immigration continue to be shaped by the nationalism, fears, and nativism that were spawned in California over a century ago. By the middle of the 19th century the residents of California were openly expressing their resistance to Chinese immigrants and these feelings were being exhibited through worker demonstrations and violent outrages. Advocates of the open door policy clashed with anti-immigrant forces over immigration policy for one of the first times in our nation's history. The working men in California had begun to believe that the immigrant Chinese were taking jobs from them and suppressing wages. By 1876, the Chinese were working in gold mines, manufacturing, and in agriculture. A New York Times article of the era contends that, "In all these vocations, as a rule, they [the Chinese] work for lower wages than are usually paid to white men."1 The outward displays of discrimination against the Chinese workers would often force them out of the white dominated workplace and into lower paid occupations. Because there was a shortage of women in California at this time the Chinese men often turned to be coming domestic servants, cooks, housekeepers, or laundry attendants.2 This forced the Chinese workers into the lower wage positions and fulfilled the perception that they were willing to work for less money. The Chinese were also the subject of intense racism in the press and in the public debates over the employment issue. These emotions prompted the federal government to consider passing the Chinese Exclusion Act, which would ban Chinese immigration and prevent Chinese workers from attaining citizenship. A newspaper of the era argued that the white worker should "be excused if he is impatient with the competition of a laborer who lives on the cheapest food, lives in a dry goods box, has no more interest in the State than a bird of the air, and returns to his own land as soon as he accumulates a little money."3 Though these were the prevailing attitudes toward the Chinese, there was a small oppositional viewpoint. As the Chinese Exclusion Act was being debated nationally, the merchants and businessmen warned of taking such extreme action aimed at a single country and race. Their interest was in increasing trade with China that was just beginning to open up to American products. The merc hants warned, "The Chinese government would be perfectly justified in retaliating upon us, if we commit such a base act of international treachery as that contemplated by this act."4 The issue that had begun as a labor dispute in California had risen to the level of a national debate as Congress considered the Act. In the emotionally charged political debate, the voice of reason and truth was often obscured by the polarization of emotions. Professor Wells Williams of Yale College, a leading Social Scientist of the period, published a paper in 1879 after studying Chinese immigrati

Cleaning Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Cleaning Assignment - Essay Example coli (Food Safety, 2014; FDA, 2013). The effects that are related to the risks to food safety include: having an unpleasant working environment where the staffs would not feel comfortable to work in an environment that is unclean as it poses a risk to their health. This would also be a propagator to low staff morale. Other effects are related to the daily business operations of the meat processing company as well as their reputation to the general public. The manufacturing company in this instance is responsible in the process of producing cook chill meat products. As such, the chain of production involves a number of sensitive processes all of which need to be monitored closely as they can be the source of food poisoning from common pathogens such as E. coli 0157. E. coli 0157 has been noted in many cases of food poisoning and outbreaks and its presence is facilitated by compromised hygiene practices in the chain of food production. The procedures in the manufacturing of the cook chill meat products include: vacuum processing – which was determined to be subject to microbial contamination by E. coli 0157. The next processes were labelling, packing and distributing of the products to the food outlets. As noted by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) (2013), periodic cleaning as well as sanitation of the meat processing facility and equipment is a critical task in ensuring that Good Hygienic Practices (GHP) have been adhered to. Based on that, the benefits (positive effects) of cleaning the factory processing areas mentioned above include: The cleaning was conducted using detergents, disinfectants and sanitizers. Detergents were used since they simply required the use of water regardless of whether it was hard or soft water. Secondly, detergents had fewer reactions to minerals that were contained in water; hence, the detergent

Knowledge Management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Knowledge Management - Research Paper Example These multinational managers can design their management systems in such a way that they are interlinked and hence whatever information a manager in one part of the globe posts in the system, it can be accessed by other managers in that corporation. This management system should however be coded in order to avoid the information being disclosed to other personnel other than managers without authority from the managers hence maintaining the privacy of the multinational corporation. The organization structures that facilitate knowledge include the worldwide product systems, the matrix structure and also the divisional structure. The global matrix structure however is the most effective because it allows for decentralization of information to the different geographical areas of a multinational organization. This therefore ensures that all the different employees and managers working for the corporation will have access to crucial information about their corporation due to the knowledge management system facilitated by the organizational structure (Claver-Cortes, Pertusa-Ortega and Molina-Azorin, 2012). One of the benefits is the communication effectiveness in all the branches of the multinational company with minimum expenditure. There is also guarantee of inclusiveness and participation by all the employees and managers in the company’s activities and decision making despite the distance and without others being left behind. Effective knowledge management system also ensures synchrony in the company and this fosters achievement of the company’s goals and objectives (Sedera and Gable, 2010). Claver-Cortes, E., Pertusa-Ortega, E. and Molina-Azorin, J. (July, 2012). â€Å"Characteristics of organizational structure relating to hybrid strategy: Implications for performance.† Journal of Business Research, vol. 65 (7), pp.

Employment relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Employment relations - Essay Example agement style, a remnant of Theory X, merely treated employee relations this way, alongside seeing them as not valuable assets of the organization and not to be consulted for decision-making. The autocratic manager dictates orders to his staff and takes no recognition of consulting the employees on relevant decisions. Leaders in this kind of environment tend to control the situation. This kind of management style persisted for a very long time, until the democratic management style came in. At present, employee relations are more focused on ascertaining a productive people resource, a trend that was missing in the last decades. Employee relations are dealt with by resolving labor conflicts and informing the management about concerns that relate to employee welfare and long-term economic security. In a democratic workplace environment, human resource management gives more emphasis on employee development and their welfare, including pay and benefits, workplace condition, and job secur ity, supporting the growing knowledge that people resource is the most important of all resources. It may be inferred that in the past decades, employee relations was aligned to achieving economic production and was its ultimate goal, to the point that job security was always influenced by the rise and fall of the production market. This signifies a lack of prioritization of employee welfare, and placing them in second fiddle to economic production and profits. Rubinstein and Kochan (2001) state that the last two decades of the twentieth century was a time of tumultuous change and debate over what goal should corporations serve, and how the system of labor-management relations should be reformed. This is indicative of a growing concern for human resources, which may have been influenced by the emergence and reinforcement of several motivation theories. The past has also witnessed a corporate world in which shareholders and investors were reasserting control over corporations in order

Endocrine Gland and Adrenaline Essay Example for Free

Endocrine Gland and Adrenaline Essay Adrenaline is a hormone that is produced in the adrenal medulla, which is in the inner adrenal gland. This gland sits atop the kidney. When put under stress this gland is stimulated by the nervous system and releases adrenaline into the blood stream. The release of adrenaline is a three step process. First, the hypothalamus produces hormones that stimulate the pituitary gland. Next, the pituitary gland then produces corticotropin hormones which are hormones that stimulate the adrenal glands that eventually produce adrenaline. In 1895, George Oliver and Edward Schafer discovered that that when the secretions of adrenal glands were extracted and injected into an experimental animal, they could raise blood pressure. The purification of this principle became a matter of interest, and in 1897, John Abel and Albert Crawford thought that they had succeeded when they purified a crystalline principle they named epinephrine. Adrenaline is used for many different purposes. It is used to control hemorrhages in surgery and to treat asthma and other allergies. According to the MSDS, excessive digestion of adrenaline is fatal. It can also be very irritant to eyes and can be absorbed through skin. Adrenaline can also be used to prevent cardiac arrest. Adrenaline can also be found in some nasal sprays to open up nasal passages. This has a short term effect. Adrenaline is helpful to survive in dangerous situations. If you were pinned down by a boulder, adrenaline would kick in and would help you to move the boulder off of you. This process is natural and you can find your way out of unhappy states. When you are put into a dangerous situation like that, your heart rate is elevated and your blood pressure is elevated. Adrenaline redirects blood to large muscle groups so that you are given more strength and stamina to get out of the dangerous situation.

Effects of Depression on Brain Function

Effects of Depression on Brain Function Depression The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV) diagnose children and adolescents with major depression with signs that include loss of interest and sadness for two weeks straight. Psychologists usually will also look for at least five more symptoms on top of the other two symptoms. These include â€Å"changes in sleeping or eating habits (weight and energy), psychomotor agitation or retardation, feelings of worthlessness and guilt, trouble thinking or paying attention, recurrent thoughts of death, or suicidal ideation and attempts† (Bujoreanu, Benhayon, and Szigethy, 2011, p. 548). This paper will focus on comparison of normal brain function and the brain function of an individual with depression, negative effects of daily functioning living with depression, assessments that are used for diagnoses and treatment, and appropriate treatment options and coping mechanism for individuals with depression. Comparison between Normal Brain Function and Depressed Brain Function Neuropsychological research has shown that emotion is controlled by the right cerebrum which means that the â€Å"right-posterior region of the cerebrum is specialized for the perception of emotional information, regardless of valence† (Shenal, Harrison, Demaree, 2003, p. 34). In normal brain functioning, the right cerebrum also controls arousal and attention. Other research has shown that there is a balance of positive and negative emotions between the left and right cerebrum. The left cerebrum processes positive emotions while the right cerebrum processes negative emotions (Shenal et al., 2003). EEG asymmetries have been examined with individuals that have depression and have found there is an increased activation in the right-frontal lobe that is relative to left-hemisphere activation (Shenal et al., 2003). Other studies have shown individuals with depression have different hemisphere activation by increased right-hemisphere activation or decreased left-hemisphere activation. Individuals with depression from left-frontal dysfunction will have problems planning and arranging information. Depression from right-frontal dysfunction may have impaired nonverbal fluency. Negative Effects of Daily Functioning Living with Depression Major depression can have a big effect on children or adolescent’s ability to function on a day to day manner. There are a lot of negative effects to depression that are important to recognize right away for help. Some of the effects of depression include â€Å"change of eating habits, change in sleeping habits (sleeping too much, not sleeping very much), irritability, social withdrawal, trouble paying attention, and feelings of sadness† (Bujoreanu et al., 2011, p. 548). If depression is not treated, this can lead to â€Å"family dysfunction, academic impairment, and psychosocial difficulties† (Bujoreanu et al., 2011, p. 548). There is also the chance that the depression can continue into adulthood if the family is not aware or informed of the symptoms the child is displaying. Assessments that are Used for Diagnoses and Treatment Neuropsychologists are now starting to find new ways to accurately diagnose depression in individuals as well as finding out if depression treatments are actually helping individuals with the disorder. Depression is now being diagnosed by a blood test and neuroimaging (fMRI) is being used to examine neural circuitry in adolescents with depression. The blood test is a new technique to psychiatry that was approved in 2011. This diagnostic tool is one way to find out if an individual has major depressive disorder without the medical professional being biased or not able to get a lot of information from the individual. The diagnostic tool looks at the levels of ethanolamine phosphate in the patient’s blood to give an indication that the patient has the disorder. Studies have shown that people with depression have low levels of ethanolamine phosphate (Verma, Kaur, David, 2012). At this point, the blood test is very expensive or is slow to get the results back to see if an individual has depression. Neuropsychologists as well as health physicians can use this assessment as the first step in determining if the patient has major depressive disorder. Once the blood tests indicate the disorder, the neuropsychologist and health professional can refer the patient to a medical professional that specializes in depression. The blood test can be used to help the medical professionals in making a diagnosis and to find the best treatment for the patient (Verma et al., 2012). The second assessment that is being used by neuropsychologist for depression is neuroimaging (fMRI). One study in particular used an fMRI to compare adolescents with depression and healthy adolescents on â€Å"neural responses to fearful facial expressions† before treatment (Cullen, 2012, p. 348). The study was repeated again after eight weeks with the depressed adolescents on fluxetine (antidepressant). Research showed that adolescents with depression increase the activation in the amygdala looking at fearful faces (Cullen, 2012). After the treatment, there was no difference between adolescents with depression and healthy adolescents. This study has opened new doors to further study other depression treatments. The fMRI was able to show the difference the fluxetine had on the brain to help adolescents with negative effectives that interfere with daily living. The next steps would need to look at what can affect before and after treatment findings. Some of these include â€Å"age at assessment, illness status, treatment history, and type of treatment† (Cullen, 2012, p. 350). When these effects are looked at with more research, this will bring clinical advancements to the neuropsychological field. Appropriate Treatment Options When it comes to appropriate treatment options for children and adolescents with depression, there are two different kinds that have been the most effective. These two different kinds of treatments are psychotherapeutic treatments and psychopharmacological treatments. The psychotherapeutic treatments are therapy treatments to work with children and adolescents to help them function normally in their daily lives. Evidence-based treatments (EBT) are â€Å"interventions or techniques that have produced therapeutic change in controlled trials† (Bujoreanu et al., 2011, p. 549). Common evidence-based treatments used with depressed children and adolescents include cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and interpersonal therapy-adolescent (IPT-A). Cognitive-behavioral therapy has been found out to be the most effective psychotherapeutic treatment with children and adolescents with depression. Aaron Beck created cognitive-behavioral therapy and focused on how â€Å"thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are inter-related and individuals can make positive changes in how someone feels by changing what they do or think† (Bujoreanu et al., 2011, p. 549). Children and adolescents work with a therapist to learn new skills and explore different ideas that are discussed during sessions. Interpersonal Therapy-Adolescent (IPT-A) is a treatment that does takes place for a short period of time. The therapy focuses on the clients’ depressive symptoms and the interpersonal context in which they occur (Bujoreanu et al., 2011, p. 550). To help with the depressive symptoms when they occur, the therapist helps the child or adolescent learn problem-solving and communication skills. Psychopharmacological treatments involve the medications that are appropriate for children and adolescents with depression. These include selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), norepinephrine-dopamine reupatake inhibitor (NDRI), and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI). SSRIs are the most common and first kind of drugs that will be used to treat child and adolescent depression. Fluoxetine and escitalopram are FDA approved for children with depression, but there are also other medications that are not intended for depression that have been successful (Bujoreanu et al., 2011). When picking an SSRI, it is important to look at family history and how the drug affects the child or adolescent. When SSRI’s do not work with the children and adolescents, there are other drugs that can be taken into consideration. Adolescents that have depression with bupropion would use a NDRI to help with the symptoms. Another drug category that can help with depression is SNRIs that include taking duloxetine and venlafaxine that are sedating. When one kind of treatment does not fully treat the patient, combined therapy of medication and therapy are used. Therapy is usually the first step taken in treatment before medication is considered. Alternative Treatments There are a lot of adolescents that are experiencing depression symptoms that are not able to receive the standard treatments. This can be from the adolescent’s family not having insurance or the families insurance does not cover certain treatment options. These alternative treatments that could help these individuals with depression include interpersonal therapy and attachment-based family therapy, the artistically creative approaches, and existential therapy (McGlasson, 2012). The interpersonal therapy focuses on the different relationships that are in the adolescent’s life. If there is not a healthy relationship, this can lead to depression. This therapy focuses on personal issues that cause the different relationships to not be healthy and finds skills the adolescent can work on to improve those relationships. The attachment-based family therapy is where the family, the adolescent, and a trained counselor work together to build a healthy relationship. This also includes skills that that will be learned in sessions that will help in the long run (McGlasson, 2012). The artistically creative approaches include art therapy and music to help adolescents express themselves in a creative way. Art therapy allows the youth to communicate on a deeper level than just talking about the issues with a counselor. This form of therapy might feel less threatening to the adolescent and a way they can control (McGlasson, 2012). Music is something that adolescents are familiar with and feel safe with being used in therapy. Music lowers stress and can help the therapist in understanding different moods that the client is experiencing (McGlasson, 2012, p. 19). Existential therapy has four themes to the treatment. These themes are â€Å"the uniqueness and freedom of the individual, the recognition of suffering as part of the human experience, an emphasis on the here-and-now to discover one’s meaning and identity, and a commitment to discover and develop one’s talent† (McGlasson, 2012, p. 19). The themes all focus on the individual and how he or she is becoming. Therapists would focus on existential concerns that go on in the adolescent’s life and find ways to explore the issues. Coping Mechanism for Individuals with Depression There are healthy and unhealthy coping strategies that children and adolescents do to deal with depression. The healthy and unhealthy coping strategies both involve the same three core categories (emotion-focused coping, problem-focused coping, and avoidant coping). It all depends on what the children and adolescents have picked up from others and what they have learned on their own to determine if it is healthy or unhealthy. Unhealthy coping strategies usually fall under the emotion-focused coping and avoidant coping. Emotion-focused coping is â€Å"any response aimed at reducing or managing the negative feelings that arise in response to the threat or loss† (Hayat, 2013, p. 153). Research has shown that common emotion-focused coping strategies that can develop depression and suicidal ideation more are self blame and emotional support (Horwitz, Hill, King, 2011). Avoidant coping involves a strategy that avoids the depression symptoms and suicidal ideation. Common avoidant coping strategies that are unhealthy and can develop the disorder more are behavioral disengagement and denial (Horwitz et al., 2011). Avoidant coping is usually avoided when learning new strategies that can help with depression. When children and adolescents learn healthy ways to cope with depression, most of the strategies fall under the category problem-focused coping. This category of coping strategies is defined as â€Å"attempting to deal constructively with the stressor or circumstances itself† (Hayat, 2013, p. 153). A medical professional can help the child or adolescent learn active coping strategies, plan different coping strategies that fit with the stressor or circumstance, and use instrumental support (Horwitz et al., 2011). For emotion-focused coping healthy alternatives would learning wishful thinking and seeking emotional support from family and friends that will not make the individual feel worse about themselves. These coping strategies can be learned by a medical professional that can work with the child or adolescent with depression. While there was only a few coping strategies mentioned, other coping strategies might be used depending on the situation of the individual. Preventive Measures for Individuals at Risk of Depression It is important that society is aware of what factors will identify high-risk adolescents for depression. When factors that can lead to depression are understood, steps can be taken to help reduce the risk of the disorder developing. At this point, research has shown that biological, psychological and social risk factors can trigger depression. Newer research has also found that neuroticism (N) (personality trait) is associated with mood disorders that can risk adolescents is developing depression (Kuyken, Watkins, Holden, Cook, 2006). High neuroticism individuals will show more mood changes and will need to respond adaptively (Kuyken et al., 2006). Kuyken’s et al., (2006) study included four different hypotheses to find out what risk factors would determine if adolescents will develop depression. They hypotheses are (1) â€Å"Adolescents at risk for depression (as indicated by high N) will report greater rumination than adolescents at low risk but lower rumination than currently depressed adolescents, (2) among currently depressed adolescents, elevated levels of rumination will be associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms, (3) the relationship between N and depressive symptoms will be partially mediated by rumination in cross-sectional analyses, with higher rumination associated with more depressive symptoms, and (4) the effect of rumination on depression will be moderated by gender, being greater for female compared to male adolescents† (Kuyken, et al., 2006, p. 42). The results indicated that at risk adolescents for depression have more ruminated than healthy adolescents. At risk adolescents and current depressed adolescents were comparable with high neuroticism personal trait. Adolescents that found out they had depression show rumination was connected to severe depressive symptoms. This study found that rumination and depression symptoms were the same for females and males. Conclusion Depression is a complex disorder that is now fully starting to be understood. Neuropsychologists are able to see what parts of the brain are impaired from the disorder as well as assessments that help to diagnose and treat depression accurately. With this information medical professionals find the best treatment options for the individual and help with coping strategies that are not unhealthy to use. This information has also made it easier to determine if adolescents are at risk of developing the disorder. Determining if adolescents have depression is still new, but with more research, medical professionals will hopefully be able to reduce the amount of youth with the disorder. References Bujoreanu, S., Benhayon, D., Szigethy, E. (2011). Treatment of depression in children and adolescents. Pediatric Annals, 40(11), 548. doi:10.3928/00904481-20111007-05 Cullen, K. R. (2012). Imaging adolescent depression treatment. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 169(4), 348. Hayat, I. (2013). Stressful life events, depression and coping strategies. Journal of Research in Social Sciences, 1(2), 148. Horwitz, A. G., Hill, R. M., King, C. A. (2011). Specific coping behaviors in relation to adolescent depression and suicidal ideation. Journal of Adolescence, 34(5), 1077-1085. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2010.10.004 Kuyken, W., Watkins, E., Holden, E., Cook, W. (2006). Rumination in adolescents at risk for depression. Journal of Affective Disorders, 96(1), 39-47. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2006.05.017 McGlasson, T. D. (2012). Listening clearly: Alternative treatments for adolescent depression. The Prevention Researcher, 19(4), 18. Shenal, B. V., Harrison, D. W., Demaree, H. A. (2003). The neuropsychology of depression: A literature review and preliminary model. Neuropsychology Review, 13(1), 33-42. doi:10.1023/A:1022300622902 Verma, R. K., Kaur, S., David, S. R. (2012). An instant diagnosis for depression by blood test. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research : JCDR, 6(9), 1612. doi:10.7860/JCDR/2012/4758.2579

International joint venture

International joint venture Joint venture is one of the preferred international market entry modes by many firms but it suffers high failure rate. Construct a review of literature on how to manage international joint venture successfully. International joint venture is one of the preferred international market entry mode. â€Å"An international joint venture is a separate legal Organizational entity in which at least two partners that are economically, Geographically and legally independent of each other participate† (Frà ©dà ©ric and Pierre 2006). Many multinational corporations use the joint venture as the market entry mode to enter in to developing countries (young,1994: Mickiewicz , 1986). International joint ventures are popular institutional forms chosen by less developed countries to attract foreign direct investment and knowledge . Through the partnership with the foreign venture it will help in knowledge transfer in terms of technology, it also will create employment opportunities in the local country and grow the flow of foreign currencies (Udo ,Sugata and Arijit 2003). In an individualistic grown economy joint venture is used as strategic option. An foreign company can not came a open its branch straight away in the local market, so to overcome this barrier the foreign company merge with the local company to form a joint venture.. The main thing about the joint ventures are the foreign companies jointly decide with the local company to create a legal entity to share the ownership, profit or loss and other benefits of the business. Despite a strong understanding between the companies and with huge amount of resources also, the joint venture achieve a high failure rate. This is because of the differences in culture ,strategy planning and organizing , it initially start with differences an result in problem (Bruce ,1988). One of the preferred international market entry is joint venture, the other entry modes are Licensing , Direct Foreign Investment , Internationalization , Franchising and exports. Joint ventures involve two or more legally formed distinct organizations , each of which shares in the decision making activities of the jointly owned entity (Geringer and Hebert 1991 ; Geringer 1988 ). â€Å"It is deemed to be an international joint venture when at least one partners head quartered outside the ventur e country of activities, or if the Joint Venture has a greater level of operations in more than one country† (Geringer and Hebert 1991 ; Geringer and Hebert 1989). In the rapidly changing international environment the intense technology and timely competition there are major changes around the world that are political and economical . It is closely examined that joint venture or any other forms of business relates with ownership , performance and control (Hans, Stephen ,. 1997) The joint venture suffer a high failure rate because its got more than two parent organization. It is reported that 47% of the firms have more than 3 parent firms. A study in the article states that if a joint venture consist of more number of parent company means it will attain failure. (YAPING , ODED , YADONG and MEE-KAU ,. 2007). The experience of the parent company will influence the joint venture with the company in the developing countries. Essential resources and mutual understanding between the parent companies is important for the joint ventures success. The needed resources and acheived experience of joint ventures parent partner are important to cope the relationship , which leads to trust and ultimate understanding . â€Å"Companies should look for a potential partners with joint venture experiences and should have adequate knowledge to provide complementary resources† (Sim and Yunus. 1998).. For example, Bangladeshi firms should expect foreign companies such with appropriate technology, joint venture experience ,overseas marketing knowledge, managerial expertises and networks. So as the foreign company will look in the Bangladeshi firm is local market knowledge, cost effectiveness in inputs and past joint venture experience. Market strength and technology and export orientation where other im portant successful factors for joint ventures . Unlike the developed countries the developing countries need local parental control and good technology were needed to create its venture to success(Sim and Yunus. 1998). Kathryn 1988 argues that â€Å"Customer Attributes will influence firms abilities to differentiate their product offerings from those of competitors and they will also(1) determine whether sponsoring firms can standardize their respective product configurations across markets (2) grant their ventures much operating autonomyâ€Å" . The change in particular partners strategy , choosing of strategy for the joint venture and the action of the competitors must focus during the changes in the venture. And the dynamics of ventures owner and the partners collaboration must be adjusted to hypothetical changes in the respective strategically need , c apability and success of other owners in the international venture(Kathryn 1988) . The important and most surprising question is , why do joint ventures fail?. The example is This research is based on a systemetic analysis of a joint venture associating a Brazilian company (local partner), Algar, formerly ABC, with a French company Bull (foreign partner). The joint venture was founded in 1983, initially it was called as ABC-BULL but later it changed it name as ALGAR BULL, the change in the balance of power took place in 1989.then the partners separated due to situation of subsidiary. Both the companies attain huge profits but the conditions turned to be unfavorable . In the end Bull took over the entire company from to form Bull South America, right form the beginning Bulls have major rights on the company and more power on decision making process also. The main differences through the joint venture in to dissolution is the cultural factor. It has affected almost everything in that joint venture. Despite its dissolution it is considered to be a successful Joint ve nture(Frà ©dà ©ric and Pierre 2006 ). In the previous empirical studies using the meta-analysis it examines the relation between the culture and decision making strategies. The result declares that individualistic cultures prefers a f orcing strategy more over a collective cultures, wherein more likely collective cultures use withdrawing, compromising and problem solving strategies than that of the capitalistic culture (Lung-Tu 2007). Key factors for managing International Joint venture success are Performance, Human Resource development , Practices based on host cultural characteristics, Quality performance, Training competence, Flexibility and Adaptation , Technological sophistication, Knowledge acquisition from foreign partners, Cooperation between parents, Recourses sharing, Equity sharing, Governance, Political risk in host country these are some of the important key success factors that influence the International Joint venture into success. If there is any misunderstanding or conflict in these issues means it will develop a crack in the joint venture (Michael , Schon and Andreas ,. 2007 ). The individual bargaining power of the partners should determine which of them should bring the particular resources , to cut down the cost (Kathryn 1986 : Beamish , Peter 1997 ). In another example its HERO HONDA , it is the merge of HERO group of India and Honda of Japan to produce bikes, it is one of the biggest and most profit earning company in the world in terms of motorcycle sales . It is selling more than 1 million bikes per year. And it is ranked 108th in The Forbes 200 most reputed companies list 2006. Another popular example for the successful international joint venture is Sony Ericsson. The joint venture of this company was establishes on October 2001, it is the joint venture between Japanese Sony Corporation and the Swedish telecom communications company Ericsson to make mobile phones and smart phones. In the insurance industries there are also some emerging international ventures they are in following examples , such as Aviva Life Insurance Company India Ltd. It is joint venture between the Aviva life insurance in united kingdom and India based Dabur company, its Dabur that holds 74%of the stake in the company and it used the brand name of Aviva. In another example Bajaj Allianz Life Insurance Co., Ltd. , it is the joint venture between the Indian Motorcycle company Bajaj and German Insurance Giant Allianz Insurance. The important thing to be noted in this is that global players in the business world are elaborating there channels through the mode of joint ventures, and they a re also using there experience in to the business they are involved . Which will result in a success rate . Another awaiting joint venture in India is between Indias Bharti group and the worlds largest retailer Wal-Mart . To conclude this essay on International Joint venture, it is that the success of any joint venture is within that organization .in the very beginning itself the counterparts should target a goal and should work towards that. The partners of the joint ventures not only should share profit and losses and resources , but they also should be open to share there operational , strategies , technology ,trust , knowledge acquisition from foreign partners , selection of experienced partner and performances. And they should overcome the barriers such as cultural differences , managerial inequalities ,lack of knowledge, selection of inexperienced partner, lack in communication, and political . These barriers should be carefully tackled otherwise the joint venture will end up in failure. Despite the failures in the international joint venture rate is high companies prefer to go for it , because they enter a new market . Thus the international joint venture should overcome the above mentioned odd s and barriers to become successful joint venture in the international market . References : Udo Broll, Sugata Marjit, and Arijit Mukherjee 2003, ‘FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT, CREDIBLE POLICY: The Role of Risk Sharing‘, THE INTERNATIONAL TRADE JOURNAL, Volume XVII, No. 2 : Pg 165-176 Geringer, J. Michael., and Louis.Hebert, 1989, ‘Control and Performance Of International Joint Venture . Journal Of International Business Studies, 20: Pg 235-254. Geringer, J. Michael., and Louis.Hebert. 1991, ‘MEASURING PERFORMANCE OF INTERNATIONAL JOINT VENTURES , Journal of International Business Studies; 1991, Vol. 22 Issue 2, p249-264, Geringer, J. Michael. 1988. Joint venture partner selection Strategies for developed countries. West-port Conn.: Quorum Books. Killing, J. Peter. 1983. Strategies for joint venture success. New York: Praeger. Bruce Kogut ,.1988.‘Joint Ventures: Theoretical and Emperical Perspectives , Strategic Management Journal ,Vol. 9, Pg319-332 . Hans Mjoen . Stephen Tallman,. 1997. ‘Control and Performance in international Joint venture. ORGANIZATION SCIENCE ,. VOI. 8, No, 3. Richard N. Osborn ,. and John Hagedoorn , 1997. ‘THE INSTITUTIONALIZATION AND EVOLUTIONARY DYNAMICS OF INTERORGANIZATIONAL ALLIANCES AND NETWORKS . Academy of management journal. Vol.40,No. 2 , 261-278. Frà ©dà ©ric Prevot, and Pierre-Xavier Meschi. 2006 . ‘Evolution of an International Joint Venture: The Case of a French Brazilian Joint Venture. Thunderbird International Business Review, Vol. 48(3) Pg 297-319 YAPING GONG, ODED SHENKAR, YADONG LUO and MEE-KAU NYAW ,. 2007 . ‘DO MULTIPLE PARENTS HELP OR HINDER INTERNATIONA JOINT VENTURE PERFORMANCE? THE MEDIATING ROLES OF CONTRACT COMPLETENESS AND PARTNER COOPERATION , Strategic Management Journal,. 28: Pg 1021 -1034. Michael Nippa , Schon Beechler and Andreas Klossek ,. 2007. ‘Success Factors for Managing International Joint Ventures: A Review and an Integrative Framework , Management and Organization Review.3:2 2007 A. B . Sim and Yunus Ali ,. 1998.‘Performance of international joint venture from developing and developed countries : An Emperical Study in a Developing Country context . Journal Of world Business / 33(4). Lung-Tu Lu,. 2007. ‘The Effect Of Cultural Similarity On International Joint Ventures: An Emperical Study . International Journal of Management. Vol.24 No.2 : Pg 230-241 . Kathryn Rudie Harrigan,. 1988. ‘Joint Venture And Competitive Strategy. Strategic Management Journal. issue 9: Pg 141-158 (1988). W. Beamish, J. Peter Killing,. 1997. Cooperative Strategies : Asian Pacific Perspectives. Craig C. Julian,. 2005. International joint venture performance in South East Asia. Kathryn Rudie Harrigan,. 1986. ‘ San Francisco: new Lexington Press .

Alcoholics Should NOT Be Eligible to Receive Organ Transplants Essay

In modern medicine, we have the ability to transplant organs from one person to another, with the hopes that this will greatly improve the length and quality of life for the patient receiving the transplant. Ten years ago, there were 53,167 people on the transplant list. By the beginning of 2015, the list increased to over 123,000 people waiting for that miracle call stating that they found a match and the transplant can now happen. One reason for the increase in people on the list is that people in the age group between 50-70 years old are now considered to be viable candidates for transplant due to medical advances. However, by December, 2014, twenty-one people were dying each day while waiting for a transplant. (Benjamin Samstein, 2015) This brings us to a question, should an alcoholic who had previously been lucky enough to have a liver transplant, be allowed to get another liver transplant after he let his alcoholism ruin another liver? When someone is in need of a transplant, there are several factors that are looked at in deciding whether or not the patient will be placed on the transplant list. Patients receive points for medical need, tissue type and time on the waiting list. Doctors then use a computer algorithm to decide who gets the organs available. Typically, one’s overall health, age, ability to comply with the regimen of anti-rejection drugs and a strong support system also comes into the decision process as well. Geographical location of the donor organ is also very important in the decision making process. (Whitford, 2005) Due to the shortage of organs, not all on the list get the organs they need. If people would get past their fears with regards to stem cell research, we could grow perfectly viable h... ...n to respect our bodies as the temples that they are. Use the medicine for when things happen that we can not control, not for when we lose control. Works Cited Abhinandana Anantharaju, M. D. (n.d.). Liver Transplantation for Alcoholic Liver disease. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. Web. 22 Mar. 2015. www.pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publicationarh27-3/257-269.htm Benjamin Samstein, M. (2015). Bottom Line's Daily health news. Web. 22 Mar. 2015. www.botomlinesecrets.com/articvle.html?article_id=48034 Kluge, E. (2004). Ethics of Organ Transplantation. Canadian Medcial Association Journal . Perry, D. D. Ethical Conmsideration in organ transplants. Web. 22 Mar. 2015. home.eathlink.net/~davidlperry/organs.htm. Whitford, B. (2005, 11 28). Who gets the organs. Newsweek. Web. 22 Mar. 2015. www.newsweek.com/2005/11/27/who-gets-the-organs.html

The Kate Moss Effect :: Beauty Media Modeling Self Esteem Essays

The Kate Moss Effect â€Å"Women, you know that crummy feeling you get after leafing through a fashion magazine chock full of models who, let’s face it, look way better than you? A new study, The Kate Moss Effect, suggests that it‘s not all in your head† (Jennifer Thomas, HealthScout). There have been so many times in my life, and I’m sure in other women’s lives as well, that I feel totally inadequate in comparison to, let’s say, a Victoria’s Secret Model. I just have one question: How is a woman ever supposed to feel good about herself when the only thing being consistently promoted is perfection? There have been many experiments done, in which doctors study the effects that the pressure to have a perfect body has on the average female. However, I am going to concentrate on the Kate Moss Effect for the simple reason, that of all the studies I looked at, The Kate Moss Effect seemed to be the most realistic, and straight forward. So let’s get back to that good old feeling of sifting through the many discouraging pages of a modern day fashion magazine. The Kate Moss Effect is a study based around the simple everyday activity of viewing a publication crammed with aptness. Basically, women were gathered to look at pages bubbling with models who were virtually flawless and their reactions to this exposure were then observed. To be exact, researchers divided 91 Caucasian women, ages 18 to 31into two groups. One group was shown advertisements for various everyday products such as nail polish, toothpaste, and gum. However, these ads featured rail thin females, the virtual living, breathing representation of faultlessness. The second group was shown ads for the same types of merchandise. Except the second group’s ads didn’t have people in them. â€Å"Researchers found that women who looked at advertisements featuring stereotypically thin and beautiful women showed more signs of depression and were more dissatisfied with their bodies after only one to three minutes of viewing the pictures. Depression levels registered a slight uptick, while self-esteem was unchanged† (Jennifer Thomas, Health Scout). Laurie Mintz, the lead author of the study and the associate professor of educational and counseling psychology at University of Missouri-Columbia said, â€Å"The women who registered the biggest drop in self image after viewing the

Conspicuous Consumption in Sinclair Lewis Babbit Essay -- Lewis Babbi

Conspicuous Consumption in Sinclair Lewis' Babbit      Ã‚   The idea of conspicuous consumption, or buying unnecessary items to show one's wealth, can be seen in Babbitt by Sinclair Lewis.   Lewis describes the main character of the book, George F. Babbitt, as a person who has his values and priorities all mixed up.   Babbitt buys the most expensive and modern material goods just to make himself happy and make people around his aware of his status.   He is more concerned about these items than about his wife or children and to him, "god was Modern Appliances" (Lewis 5).   Through Babbitt, Lewis is attempting to show how the average American person will do or buy anything, even if   unnecessary, only to show off and make peers think highly of him or her.   As seen in Babbitt, George wakes up to the "best of nationally advertised and quantitatively produced alarm-clocks, with all modern attachments" (3).   Babbitt is extremely satisfied to be awakened by this expensive clock because it raises his value to the world.   A regular alarm clock can do, but George Babbitt needs the top-of-the-line model to show off his wealth.   He, along with the rest of the citizens in the book, takes great value in his car, which to him was "poetry and tragedy, love and heroism" (22).   One must think that of his family and friends, not of a piece of metal sitting in the garage.   Babbitt continues his conspicuous consumption lifestyle by vowing to quit smoking and then going out and buying "the electric cigar lighter which he had coveted for a week" (51).   Therefore, Babbitt does not necessarily buy the lighter for himself, but to show to everyone around him that he has the money to buy it, and consequently feels superior to them.   The fi... ...In the end, the Rolex watch on the hand of a rich man is not used to tell time, rather to tell the world of his accomplishments and his burgeoning bank account.    Works Cited Brooks, John. Showing off in America. Boston: Little and Brown, 1979. Feingold, Danny. "Pooches Lap up the Attention at Dog Day Care." Los Angeles Times 11 Aug. 1999, home ed.: E2 Lexis/Nexis. Henahan, Donal. "Could Veblen Explain Today's Opera?" New York Times 19 Apr. 1987, final ed.: B21 Lexis/Nexis. Laurence, Ben. "Pounds 100 up in Smoke.   Hedonism is back." The Observer 24 May 1998: 2 Lexis/Nexis. Lewis, Sinclair. Babbitt. 1922. New York: Signet, 1998. Reiss, Michael. "Are you suffering from affluenza?" New Statesman 5 Aug. 2002: 13. Walker, Michael. "The Beverly Hills-Mobile." New York Times 15 Sept. 2002, late ed.: B1 Lexis/Nexis. Conspicuous Consumption in Sinclair Lewis' Babbit Essay -- Lewis Babbi Conspicuous Consumption in Sinclair Lewis' Babbit      Ã‚   The idea of conspicuous consumption, or buying unnecessary items to show one's wealth, can be seen in Babbitt by Sinclair Lewis.   Lewis describes the main character of the book, George F. Babbitt, as a person who has his values and priorities all mixed up.   Babbitt buys the most expensive and modern material goods just to make himself happy and make people around his aware of his status.   He is more concerned about these items than about his wife or children and to him, "god was Modern Appliances" (Lewis 5).   Through Babbitt, Lewis is attempting to show how the average American person will do or buy anything, even if   unnecessary, only to show off and make peers think highly of him or her.   As seen in Babbitt, George wakes up to the "best of nationally advertised and quantitatively produced alarm-clocks, with all modern attachments" (3).   Babbitt is extremely satisfied to be awakened by this expensive clock because it raises his value to the world.   A regular alarm clock can do, but George Babbitt needs the top-of-the-line model to show off his wealth.   He, along with the rest of the citizens in the book, takes great value in his car, which to him was "poetry and tragedy, love and heroism" (22).   One must think that of his family and friends, not of a piece of metal sitting in the garage.   Babbitt continues his conspicuous consumption lifestyle by vowing to quit smoking and then going out and buying "the electric cigar lighter which he had coveted for a week" (51).   Therefore, Babbitt does not necessarily buy the lighter for himself, but to show to everyone around him that he has the money to buy it, and consequently feels superior to them.   The fi... ...In the end, the Rolex watch on the hand of a rich man is not used to tell time, rather to tell the world of his accomplishments and his burgeoning bank account.    Works Cited Brooks, John. Showing off in America. Boston: Little and Brown, 1979. Feingold, Danny. "Pooches Lap up the Attention at Dog Day Care." Los Angeles Times 11 Aug. 1999, home ed.: E2 Lexis/Nexis. Henahan, Donal. "Could Veblen Explain Today's Opera?" New York Times 19 Apr. 1987, final ed.: B21 Lexis/Nexis. Laurence, Ben. "Pounds 100 up in Smoke.   Hedonism is back." The Observer 24 May 1998: 2 Lexis/Nexis. Lewis, Sinclair. Babbitt. 1922. New York: Signet, 1998. Reiss, Michael. "Are you suffering from affluenza?" New Statesman 5 Aug. 2002: 13. Walker, Michael. "The Beverly Hills-Mobile." New York Times 15 Sept. 2002, late ed.: B1 Lexis/Nexis.

Contrastive Analysis

Advanced writing April 24, 2009 Contrastive analysis: Prosperity, Decline and new Hopes of revival It should be mentioned that the history of foreign language teaching is so complicated. The complexities are the outcome of the rise of the assumptions of so many theories, approaches, methods and hypotheses that dominated this field , especially beginning from1940s and up till now. Today there are innumerable assumptions for approaches and methods that relate to language learning and teaching. All of them claim to be the right approach for learning and teaching a language. In the midst of these situations, foreign language teachers find it extremely difficult to decide upon an approach, a method or a hypothesis to adopt, so as the process of teaching becomes easier to them and this, of course, would make the process of learning easier to the students in turn. The purpose of this short paper is to explain the assumptions behind what is called ‘ Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis' (CAH) to language teaching and learning. Examples from English and Arabic; English and German will be cited, and then demonstrate why contrastive analysis was rejected after decades of prosperity in which it dominated the area of foreign language teaching for almost 20 years. In this effect, According to Larsen-Freeman & Long (1991) in (Yoon,2002): this was a time when structural linguistics and behavioral psychology were rather dominant in the study of language learning. CA proponents came to advocate that L2 instructional aterials could be prepared more efficiently by comparing two languages and, in the process, predict learners' behaviors and difficulties(qtd. in Dina 2). Contrastive Analysis(CA) was developed by Charles Fries, and was more explained and clarified by Robert Lado. CA is based on the assumptions that the majority of the errors done by non-native learners, throughout their course of studying a language, are related to the interference of the students' native language. That's why there is difficulty in learn ing a language. The learners native language's habits do not easily allow for the development of any new habits for another different language to take place. Lado and Fries believe that: Individuals tend to transfer the forms and meanings and the distribution of forms and meanings of their native language and culture to the foreign language and culture- both productively when attempting to speak the language and act in the culture and receptively when attempting to grasp and understand the language and the culture as practiced by natives. (qtd. in Abbas 2) The process of learning is more difficult when there are differences between the systems of these two languages and more easy when there are similarities. If it is true that most of the difficulties encountered by the students, in their path of learning a foreign language, result from the differences rather than the similarities between the L1 and L2, then the students errors could be predicted, and hence can be encountered by teaching materials that focuses mainly on the differences rather than the similarities between the L1 and L2. CA is classified into two forms. A strong form and A weak form. The strong form predicts that most of L2 errors are due to negative transfer resulting from the differences between the L1 and L2. The weak form explains errors once they are made with out making prediction. To give an example about the possible difficulties that learners may encounter in learning a foreign language, lets consider some language features of two completely different languages such as English and Arabic. English belongs to the Indo-European family of languages, and Arabic belongs to the Semitic languages, therefore, they are almost quite different from one another in many ways. If a comparison is drawn between English and Arabic in terms of phonology, contrastive analysis predicts that, because Arabic language lacks speech sounds such as / p /, /v / , / n / and / /, Arabic learners of English will encounter problems in the correct pronunciation of words containing the above mentioned speech sounds. For example, the voiceless / p / will be replaced by the voiced / b / , / v / by / f / , / n / by / g / and / / by / d /. Another difficulty Arab learners of English encounter lies in the area of prepositions. There are more prepositions in English than in Arabic On top of that, they are used differently in the two languages, and therefore a lot of confusion occur when an Arab learner uses the prepositions inappropriately. For example, in an answer to the question, How long have you been living in Colorado, it is more likely that an Arab learner of English answers saying ‘ I have been living in Colorado since 10 years. Hence, Instead of using ‘for', s/he uses ‘since'. It was argued that: English prepositions can be used with different parts of speech of the same root word. We use one preposition with the verb form, another with the adjective and still another with the noun form of the word. For example, we are fond of something, but we have fondness for it. In English, prepositions are either simple, single words, or complex consisting of more than one word(Rami and Hanna 184). Similarly, English learners trying to learn Arabic find it extremely difficult to correctly pronounce some Arabic speech sounds such as / / , / /, / / and / /, simply because these speech sounds do not exist in English at all. On the other hand, the areas of similarities, between the two languages, lead to ease in learning. Schuster argues that: English learners of German or German learners of English are destined to have a positive transfer because the two languages do have many similarities. On the other hand, theory stipulates that learning will be quite difficult, or even unsuccessful, when the two languages are different(qtd. in Dena 3) Decline of Contrastive analysis Contrastive analysis started losing interest and was gradually abandoned and replaced by other new assumptions and views about language learning and teaching. Many scholars started to direct sound criticisms to contrastive analysis, beginning from the mid of 1960s. For example, it is argued that most of the language learners do not result from interference, but rather they could be developmental. In this effect, Dulay and Burt mention that: report on a number of studies of the errors made by children learning English as a second language and consider that they are similar to those made by children learning English natively . The greatest number(87 percent) they considered to be developmental, that is, like those that a native language learner makes(qtd. in Spolsky 253). Other researchers arrived to the same conclusion. For example, it was pointed out that: Similarly, Baily, Madden, and Krashen(1974)report results similar to Dulay and Burt's showing some similarity in order of acquisition between adults and children learning English as a second language that is still different from the order in first language acquisition(Spolsky 254). Contrastive analysis was also challenged by the views of the prominent linguist, Noam Chomsky believes of â€Å"the existence of language acquisition device(LAD) in order to construct a generative grammar of linguistic competence out of language samples one encounters†(Neda 3). Furthermore, Slinker believes that Corder contributions were very important. He argues that, Corder points out that,†The errors of a learner, whether adult or child are (a) not ‘negative' or ‘interfering' in any way with learning a TL but are, on the contrary, a necessary positive factor, indicative of testing hypothesis†(qtd. in Abbas 2). Similarly, Dulay, Burt and Krashen argue that, â€Å"learners first language are no longer believed to interfere with their attempts to acquire a second language grammar, and language teachers no longer need to create special grammar lessons for students from each language background†(qtd. in Abbas 2). New hopes of revival Many of proponents to contrastive analysis believe that the criticisms directed to it, are not reliable. For example, it was noted that: The Dulay et al postion is suspect for two reasons. First, it ignores other findings with appreciably higher estimates. Hocking(1973), Cornu(1973)†¦ James(1981) †¦ arrived at findings which estimate the magnitude of such errors(interfernce) in the 60% range†¦. Second, a substantial number of studies involved in the body of method comparison research of the 60% and 70's had demonstrated the effectiveness of teaching methods using CA input(Abbas2 ). Although contrastive analysis was gradually abandoned in favor of new views and assumptions, there are still many scholars who consider it of a great importance. For example, it was pointed out that: it(CA)will be useful to teachers, students, and linguists. Even though contrastive analysis has lived up to its promise of explaining the nature of the language learning process and of making it possible to develop error-free learning, it has played a useful role in encouraging the kind of language descriptions that are needed by language teachers and learners(Abbas 253). It is also argued that contrastive analysis was disfavored not due to sound critisisms that relate to its validity only, but also for financial and economic factors. It is believed that: The text books for FSLT†¦ are all solely in English, making no refrence to the L1 of the learners. This, of course, suits publishers for it enables them to sell the same text books all over the world thus increasing thier sales many fold. It also suits the many anglophone teachers of English as a second or foreign language for it enables them to teach anywhere in the world without knowing the L1's of the students they teach(Abbas 2). Consequently, many supporters to contrastive analysis still have hopes that one day contrastive analysis will be able to find its way back to the foreign language text books. Works Cited Abbas, Elbadri. â€Å"The Relevance of Error Analysis and Contrastive Analysis. † Http://www. teaching. org. uk /blogs/badri/relevance-error-analsis. 28 Feb. 2009. Teachingenglish. org. 22 Apr. 2009 . Al-Sibia, Dina M. â€Å"The decline of contrastive analysis – Search. † Google. 26 Oct. 2004. 03 May 2009 . Al-Sibai M, Dina. The Decline of Contrastive Analysis Pedagogy. English 523.

Abigail Williams Character Analysis Essay

unity of the chief(prenominal) characters of the play The Crucible, Abigail Williams, is the villain of the play, even more than Parris or Danforth. In turning One her skills at manipulation are in truth noticeable. John admonisher, who has dumped her after his wife make up out most this sinful affair, Abby, youll coif it out of mind. Ill not be comin for you no more. Since she was also dismissed from her suppose at their house, Abigail be returns increasingly envious of Elizabeth. Abigail endlessly has a different story from what actually happens and convinces hatful that her story is the truth.One cause that happens that displays this would be when Abigail was in the timber with the girls move and took it to the next level by inebriety blood and taking off her cloaffair. to begin with the questioning of what happen in the woods Abigail states Shut up All of you. We danced. That is all, and typeset this, if any angiotensin-converting enzyme breathe a word or the ed ge of a word about the other things, I will come to you in the black of some revolting night, and I will bring with me a pointy reckoning that will shudder you When shes on the brink of selectting broken in for messing with witchcraft, she skillfully manages to pin the whole thing on Tituba and several of Salems other woman.The horrible thing is that Abigail is the one who persuaded Tituba to go out and cast the spells. constantly since Abigails affair with John proctor, shes been out to get his wife, Elizabeth. Abigail convinced Tituba to mould a curse on Elizabeth, hoping to get rid of her and take her place at Johns side. Its humourous that Abigail, who encouraged the witchcraft in the premier place, is the one who goes around accusing everybody else. Abigails main skill seems to be finding peoples flaws, their weaknesses, and mercilessly manipulating them to her advantage. Act 2In Act 2, Abigail Williams has supposition over her encounter with Proctor for seven months. The more she conceptualises about the affair, the more Abigail convinces herself that Proctor loves her but cannot express his love because of Elizabeth. Abigail continues to think about her memories until they accurately portray her as the center of Proctors existence. kinda than seeing herself as a 17 year-old who took advantage of a mans loneliness and insecurity during his wifes illness, Abigail sees herself as Proctors true(a) love and his only choice for a wife. She guesss she has only to eliminate Elizabeth so that she and Proctor can marry and fulfill her fantasy.throughout the play Abigail will tell things to people to make them think and make them believe what she says or make them do what she motives them to do. more or less people look down at this quality but this is the way Abigail gets her way. Abigail has manipulated vindicatory about everyone in the town with the stories she tells. In the words of Abigail she states to the town I want the light of God, I wa nt the smart love of Jesus I danced for the ogre I saw him, I wrote in his book I go keystone to Jesus I kiss His hand. I saw Sarah Good with the Devil I saw Goody Osburn with the Devil I saw Bridget Bishop with the Devil When Abigail said this she was only when trying to get out of punishment, she knew if she confessed of doing the devils study and state she wanted God she wouldnt be charged as a witch.

Lab Safety Paragraphs Essay

Splash Goggles:Safety is by far the most important thing when working in a chemical laboratory. There what are over thousands of injuries that occur each year how that are partially non-preventable, but a great majority are preventable many accidents that could have been solved with simple lab safety. One of the most critical pieces of lab safety would how have to be wearing eye protection. right Eye protection could save your vision and right eye protection should be worn at all times regardless if an experiment is being conducted or not.Every argumentative essay needs to depend on a subject that may be debated.They are more necessary when your TA requires you to abrasive wear them. They will protect you from chemicals, great but they do not offer permanent protection extract from chemicals. Following suit, gloves, like naked eye protection, come in many different forms, which can include, big but are not limited to the following: liquid latex gloves, neoprene gloves, etc. Glove s consider also come in different lengths depending, once again, on the situation wired and experiment being conducted.There is A profile article regarded to be the absolute most challenging article to write with click all information and the resources, it turns into a short walk in the park.

Long pants are crucial in a lab because they will prevent chemicals from getting splashed on to our skins and possibly causing a burning feeling. Only long pants and coats are strictly needed good for clothing because other loose clothing such as shorts, skirts, etc. are much more likely to easily good catch fire, or be dragged through chemicals, or last even tangle up in moving equipment.Closed toe shoes:Many of the many labs in chemistry involve dangerous substances that could cause much harm to our skin.Based on the freedom youve been given you can opt for a subject that youre comfortable own writing about.If broken glass pieces get on your exposed feet, how there is a high chance of injuries happening. Whereas if second one wears closed toe shoes, even if shattered glass last fell on our feet, they would be protected.Lab Coat:A lab coat is another good essential safety issue when working in the lab. In the chemistry lab we will be cold working with many substances, many of which are toxic logical and could easily get on our skin and clothes.You will must have to approach this problem by evaluating various sources to back up your evidence self generating and collecting.

Reading resources are provided in internet platforms and libraries.It is possible to go into supporting information inside the body of your essay, and dont tell us everything all.Recycling reduces the total number of crap in our surroundings.Theres also.

Safety at the job force is a significant part that numerous organizations of the real world of today disregard.When writing about an individual whos logical not well known about an instance of a profile introductory essay include details that will allow your reader to acquire an idea.Discover to reread and edit your new job after it appears to be finished.Every sentence has to have a verb and a subject.

Microeconomics †Summary Essay

analog fill plication Q = a bP grab E d = (Q/P)/(P/Q) = -b(P/Q)E d = -1 in the oculus of need roll (up is to a great extent moldable) follow gross and piece of cake chewy Ed -1PR (P by 15%Q by 20%) nonresilient 0 Ed -1PR (P by 15%Q by 3%) social unit of measurement live Ed = -1R carcass the like (P by 15%Q by 15%) MR dogmatic refinement violence (P(Q) remove of extra units) + bell decline action (reduces r even soues beca mapping of let down m unmatchabletary value (P/Q)/Q) 1. Monopoly muckimizes net get ahead by backing MC = MRmonopolizers Markup = expense- salute mete = Lerner superpower (P-MC)/P = -1/ Ed (the little elastic supplicate, the greater the markup all over borderline cost)2. harm in agreeity amend expense disparity the blotto sets the footing to from all(prenominal) bingle(preno instantal) somebody con centerfielder pertain to his willingness to payMR=P(Q)= bring (without the cost simplification effect), no consume r surplus, stimulate improvement from graph Two-part Tariffs a unconquerable present (= consumer surplus) + a let on per-unit deter houre for each unit they grease ones palms (P = MC) 2 groups of customers with divergence opposition train manipulation for one-on-one inquires MR MR=MC * without variation sum of non- backward issuing up powers = one election for conflated penury. an some new(prenominal)(prenominal) option is the full-bodied spate gather up aim. analyze salary to attain Qagg.* grievous bodily harm stiff compensation F (enabling discrimination) = max d added to MC1 = /q1 (with discrimination) standard-dependent determine one expense for starting signal X units and a cheaper terms for units to a high(prenominal) place step X. put on proceed = = Pa*Qa+Pb(Qb-Qa)-2Qb Qb includes Qa, so the supererogatory units change atomic enumerate 18 Qb-Qa. type P=20-Q. regular offers a sum of money discount. range a damage for Qa (Pa) and a equipment casualty for excess units Qb-Qa (Pb). Pa=20-Qa Pb=20-Qb. =(20-Qa)Qa + (20-Qb)(Qb-Qa) -2Qb = 18Qb-Qa2 Qb2 +QaQb earn a=-2Qa+Qb b=18-2Qb+Qa analyze to 0. 2Qa=Qb. ward-heeler into sulphur manipulation 18-2(2Qa)+Qa=0. So Qa=6 Qb=12 3. embody and take Technologies stiff be avertable not incurred if the toil take aim = 0 infallible/sink incurred even if toil level = 0, striket endure in the dour moderate, for the forgetful crusade ordinary streamlined scale of measurement of work min AC differential of AC = 0 MC = AC merchandise technologies w atomic itemise 18 mode is economic it in that location is no other modality to relieve oneself much turnout office the very(prenominal) amounts of inputs minimization task verifiable responsibility min(wL+rK), reserve down to Q=f(K,L) fetch K as a position of L, Q (from point of intersectionion conk) hack writer the observation into intention range (instead of K) take off with notice to L = 0 chatter L ( occupy for sedulousness) slog demand for labor into K bureau render K (demand for capital) TC=wL+rK fringy ware proportionality demote oneself for f(K,L)=KaLb at the optimal MPL/w = MPK/r finger MPL, MPK from proceeds run for uprise relationship among K,L use fringy product symmetry dominate raft K/L into performance percentage comment K/L for sought after level of takings for f(K,L)=aK+bL examine MPL/w, MPK/r use work work out with higher borderline value, if equal use each combine4. finished contest picayune track 1. Quantity loom prefatorial check over MR = P = MC 2. Shut-down detect P(Q) AC(Q) name MR=MC, P(Q) AC(Q) close down down, P(Q) = AC(Q) benefit = 0 for both(prenominal) options * shut-down sum of money and charge min AC ( differential of AC = 0) AC=P=MC (lolly = 0) * when reckoning AC turn off needful/ change posture situated be (not influenced by our decision ) securities industry equipoise breed case-by-case interpret escapes (from P=MC congressman TC = 4q2 so MC = 8q analyze to p so 8q=p so q=p/8) by number of profligates = aggregate fork up post Qs Qs=Qd (demand bring) residuum determine and measurement want run scratch = 0 P=AC, symmetricalness MR=P=MC=ACmin * in the pertinacious run, un avoidable/ drop down cost get intot populate determined cost are avoidable take them into story securities industryplace residual insure individual hand over social ferment (MC=P), sum of money produced by 1 debauched (MC=AC = hurt deal wrong into demand fail perfect measuring stick demanded number of fasts in the securities industry = make out step demanded/ measuring produced by 1 crocked5. Oligopolistic Markets jeopardize surmisal Nash equipoise each securely is do a lolly-maximising survival of the fittest inclined the actions of its rivals (cannot emergence mesh by changing P or Q) topper rejoinder = a riotouss close gainful survival of the fittest minded(p) the actions of its rivals Bertrand mannikin setting termss at the uniform time 1 fundamental interactiontheoretically max word profit when charging monopoly price (MC=MR) hardly undercutting prices P=MC, = 0 incessantly iterate denotative x unders besidesd connivance (when r is not too high) Cournot simulation choosing sum (based on beliefs on the other fuddleds production) concurrently grocery store price securities industry remainder residual demand for trustworthy 1 from the inverse demand function profit 1 as a function of q1, q2 derivative = 0 surmount solvent function for tighten 1 same stairs for inviolable 2 find q1, q2, market bill price, gain Stackelberg mock up choosing quantities consecutive solid 1 not on its scoop out solvent function higher profit, warm 2 is market equilibrium find outperform answer function of firm 2 cab into profit fu nction of firm 1 derivative = 0 q1, q2 (from BR2 function) price, remuneration

Managers confuse BSC means with the ends Essay

Intel kitty increase the victory of the equilibrate placard put through by computer program and implementing if congruously. Cooperation of any managers is captious to the success of relaxation visiting card. leadershiphip indoors the institution should overhear that difference wag is not a purge bank bill or else that it is a political curriculum of change. The leaders and managers allow be expended to pass around the battalion in spite of appearance the brass instrument eon insertion the equaliser wag. opp iodinent is requisite and the managers of Intel should train that the managers mark off the get aheads they could pull issue out of the counseling organization.For instance, managers in film of to a greater extent than unity program/ understand pull up stakes earn from uncloudedness when gauging surgical procedure. This is because he provide be able to(p) to get hitched with the coveted impressions with the physical compo sition strategies as a proceeding prise as opposed to the unoriginal on succession and on cipher judge previously utilise. The counterweight visiting card leave behind sustain managers to admit their jut surgical operation base on facts kind of than on speculation. more than to that, disposal outline depart be every(prenominal) persons byplay specifications thereof more focal point to employees driveway pull up stakes be raised.In the end, Intel leave alone maximize its execution of instrument outcome significantly one affaire to card is that the quietus bill of fare provide be unmatched to the call for of Intel, sloppeding, the rhythmic pattern apply to step the deed of Intel bequeath in like manner be collect-cut by management. Recommendations The equilibrate calling card writ of execution at Intel should guide origin on a good example or experiment pedestal onward been replicated to the exclusively organization. This is beca use the functioning itself requires adequate livelihood and the results of the effectuation offshoot whitethorn shift and sometimes expose to incur rich impact. think of it as a control program. The seat is alike in former(a) changes or projects underinterpreted inside an organization, sailing is polar companies, which beat employ labyrinthine sense carte du jours articulatio authentic challenges that Intel should be sensible of for instance. Managers bemuse BSC convey with the ends. oppositewise words, they crucify the investing of customers employees or suppliers with the intention slice this is full a mean to amend surgical operation of the organization. In instances where the judgment of ease sco0recard has been misunderstood, it has been used to loose scummy performance in fiscal terms.In other cases, managers duck an beautiful traffic pattern circuit board and clear metrics with the downright kind strategy. lots this has taken ante cedence over other as substantial activities. Therefore, Intel should be to don of ingeminate mistakes make by other companies and carefully measured and consider the strategy of implementing the equipoise scorecard. The fit scorecard is a suitable system that leave alone benefit Intel greatly. A proper executing plan should be certain on base the excogitation of the balance scorecard.Additionally, back down from faculty and teetotum take aim managers needs to be want in set for the carrying out address to be successful.REFERENCES Oorschot, A. H (2002). developing a balance bill of fare with arrangement Dynamics. ready(prenominal) AtHttp//Www. Minase. Nl/Pdf/balancced Pdf.. accessed on phratry 26, 2007. 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(1996) victimization The equilibrise visiting card As A strategic precaution System. Harvard assembly line Review. Boston, Vol. 74, 1, 75-851996. Norton, D. P. (2001) grammatical construction scheme Maps examen the Hypothesis. fit carte Report. Harvard back upSchool Press, Vol. 3, 1, 1-4. Pray, T. F et al. (2003). apply the match carte To advance strategical prep And impelling finale fashioning within semblances.Developments In seam show and experiential Learning, Baltimore, 30. Sauaia, A. (2001) military rank Of doing In disdain Games pecuniary and Non financial Approaches. Developments in origin model and existential Learning, San Diego, vol. 27, 210-4. Kallas, D. & Sauaia, A. (2003) join forces For mesh Or compete For mart? oeuvre of Oligopolistic determine with a blood line Game. Developments in Business Simulation and experiential Learning, Baltimore, V. 30, P. 232-242. Stewart, S. (2000) ABC, The equilibrise add-in And EVA.Distinguishing The representation From The End. Evaluation, London, V. 1, 2. Young, S. D. & OByrne, S. F. (2001) EVA and Value-Based counsel A concrete ladder To Implementation. refreshing York McGraw-Hill, 2001. 248. Hoque, Z. & James, W. (2000). Linking match wag Measur es to sizing and food market Factors wallop on organizational act. journal of Management method of accounting search, 12, p. 1-17. Lipe, M. G. & Salterio, S. (2000). The balance wag judgmental effect of crude and preposterous Performance Measures. The story Review, 75, 3, p.283-298. Dilla, W. & Steinbart, P. (2005).sexual relation free weight of commonplace and ludicrous equilibrate identity card Measures by noesis finale Makers. behavioral Research in chronicle, 17, p. 43-53. Warner, M. (2001). relative management critical perspectives on course management. London, Routledge publishers. Sunden, J. & Stralton (2006) gate To Mangment Accounting. London, apprentice hall. Kirkegaad, H. 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